An STI can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex.
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STIs can pass between men and women and from women to women and men to men. For more specific sexual health advice, read women who have sex with women.
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Many STIs can be cured with antibiotics. Some, such as HIV, have no cure, but can be treated to prevent them getting worse. ​You cannot tell by looking at someone (including yourself) whether they have an infection, so it's important to get a check-up if you have had unprotected sex or think you might be at risk.
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Symptoms
Many people do not notice symptoms when they have an STI, including most women with chlamydia. If it's left untreated, chlamydia can affect your ability to get pregnant.
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Gonorrhoea can also affect fertility. Around 50% of women and 10% of men with gonorrhoea do not have symptoms. Left untreated, STIs can affect your health. If you have any of the symptoms listed below, get tested.
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In women and men:
• pain when you pass urine (pee)
• itching, burning or tingling around the genitals
• blisters, sores, spots or lumps around the genitals or anus
• black powder or tiny white dots in your underwear – this could be droppings or eggs from pubic lice
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In women:
• yellow or green vaginal discharge
• discharge that smells
• bleeding between periods or after sex
• pain during sex
• lower abdominal pain
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These symptoms do not necessarily mean you have an STI, but it's worth seeing a doctor so you can find out what's causing the symptoms and get treatment.
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For example, it's possible to get thrush without having sex, but it can cause STI-like symptoms, such as soreness, itching and discharge.
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Where can I get tested for STIs?
You can get tested at:
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a sexual health clinic – find a sexual health clinic
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some community contraceptive clinics – find contraceptive services
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some sexual health services – call the national sexual health line on 0300 123 7123, or Worth Talking About (for under-18s) on 0300 123 2930
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some GP surgeries
Some pharmacies can also test for chlamydia.
Find out where you can get a free chlamydia test through the National Chlamydia Screening Programme (under-25s only).
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information taken from www.nhs.uk