An STI can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex.

 

STIs can pass between men and women and from women to women and men to men.

For more specific sexual health advice, read for men who have sex with men.

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Many STIs can be cured with antibiotics. Some, such as HIV, have no cure, but can be treated to prevent them getting worse.

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You cannot tell by looking at someone (including yourself) whether they have an infection, so it's important to get a check-up if you have had unprotected sex or think you might be at risk.

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Symptoms

Many people do not notice symptoms when they have an STI, including most women with chlamydia.

If it's left untreated, chlamydia can affect your ability to get pregnant.

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Gonorrhoea can also affect fertility. Around 50% of women and 10% of men with gonorrhoea do not have symptoms.

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Left untreated, STIs can affect your health. If you have any of the symptoms listed below, get tested.

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In women and men:

•    pain when you pass urine (pee)

•    itching, burning or tingling around the genitals

•    blisters, sores, spots or lumps around the genitals or anus

•    black powder or tiny white dots in your underwear – this could be droppings or eggs from pubic lice

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In men: 

• discharge from the penis

• irritation of the urethra (the tube urine comes out of)

 

These symptoms do not necessarily mean you have an STI, but it's worth seeing a doctor so you can find out what's causing the symptoms and get treatment.

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For example, it's possible to get thrush without having sex, but it can cause STI-like symptoms, such as soreness, itching and discharge.

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Where can I get tested for STIs?

You can get tested at:

• a sexual health clinic – find a sexual health clinic 

• some community contraceptive clinics – find contraceptive services 

• some sexual health services – call the national sexual health line on 0300 123 7123, or Worth Talking About (for under-18s) on 0300 123 2930

• some GP surgeries

 

Some pharmacies can also test for chlamydia.

Find out where you can get a free chlamydia test through the National Chlamydia Screening Programme (under-25s only).

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Have safer sex

Always use condoms to help protect yourself from catching or passing on an STI. Buy condoms that have the CE mark or BSI kite mark on the packet.  This means they have been tested to high safety standards. Condoms that do not have the CE mark or BSI kite mark will not meet these standards, so do not use them.

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Find out what happens when you visit a sexual health clinic.

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information taken from www.nhs.uk